Depicting Rubin’s Vase or Faces: Clarifying the Practical Value of Integrated Water Resource Management

This paper responds to the significant challenges Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and clarifies its practical value as a theoretical framework. Through thorough analysis, this examines how IWRM can be applied distinguish water resource management (WRM) an observable domain with open boundary foster sustainable ecosystem by emphasizing functional differentiation of WRM. Compared examination made solely from WRM perspective, perspective better develop structural complexity help expose misunderstandings regarding integration issues. Most importantly, is not merely explanatory framework but also defensive one. It facilitate coupling between other domains reduce conflicts enable concerted action. However, role has been overlooked for long time.